Leopold Janikowski

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Leopold

Leopold Janikowski (14 November 1855 - 8 December 1942) was a Polish explorer and ethnographer.

Leopold Janikowski a adăugat o fotografie

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Leopold

Biography Leopold Ludwik Janikowski was born on 14 November 1855 in Dąbrówka, now part of Warsaw (Białołęka) in Poland, son of Jan (born about 1817) and Franciszka (née Wolkewicz born about 1827). He died on 8 December 1942 in Zielonka, near Warsaw and is buried in Powązki Cemetery, Warsaw. He attended high school in Kalisz. After moving to Warsaw, he worked for a long time at the Warsaw Astronomical Observatory in the department of meteorology. The Oxford companion to world exploration refers to Leopold Janikowski as a “well educated scientist”.

Leopold Janikowski a adăugat o fotografie

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Leopold

Voyage to Cameroon (1882–1886) In 1881, he responded to a notice posted in the magazine Wanderer (Polish: Wedrowiec) Stefan Szolc-Rogoziński a 20-year-old naval officer of the Russian Navy, looking for companions to accompany him on a planned trip. The Polish expedition was organised to establish a geographical station in Ambas Bay, whose purpose was “to explore the Cameroon Mountains and to penetrate the interior in search of Lake Liba or Riba”. This first documented Polish research expedition to Africa took place between 1882 and 1885, and was conducted by Stefan Szolc-Rogozinski, Leopold Janikowski and Klemens Tomczek. They visited Madeira, the Canary Islands, Liberia, and the island of Fernando Po. They embarked at Le Havre on 13 December 1882 in the sailing vessel Łucja-Małgorzata (originally French: La Lucie Marguerite), a lugger of 100 tons with a French crew flying the French flag and the Polish colours of the Warsaw Syrena (coat of arms of the city of Warsaw). They sheltered from a storm for a few days in the English port of Falmouth, Cornwall from 16 to 20 December 1882. After visiting Madeira, Liberia and Assini they entered on 16 April 1883 the port of Santa Isabel on the Spanish island…Citește mai mult

Leopold Janikowski a adăugat o fotografie

acum 12 zile

R.I.P
Leopold

Polish colony At that time, the Third Partition of Poland (1795-1918) conducted by the three invaders - the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and Habsburg Austria in the 18th century - had resulted in the elimination of the sovereign state of Poland. Hence Rogoziński served in the Russian Navy. Rogoziński's diary, according to Baginsky, confirms “his real intention … to create a second Free Fatherland for emigrants from his oppressed country”. Janikowski confirms this in his book in 1936: "When in 1880, I met Rogoziński and he unfolded before me his plans of research and one of the main objectives, of necessity hidden, namely the search for a suitable site for Polish colonization, as a future refuge for those who are not only physically but spiritually too tightly held under one of the three of our invaders - this plan grabbed me, and I gave him my whole soul. Fate, however, on the contrary, did not allow us to carry out this plan."

Leopold Janikowski a adăugat o fotografie

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R.I.P
Leopold

Voyage to West Africa (1887–1890) In early 1887 Leopold Janikowski travelled for the second time to Africa, this time to settle in the vicinity of the Crystal Heights in the middle of the Mpangue tribe. In December 1889 he returned to Warsaw (due to annexation of the Cameroons by troops of the German Navy). On the second expedition, he brought back 1300 different exhibits.

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Ethnographic Museum Janikowski's collection of 1300 items from the Cameroons were on display in his Ethnographic Exhibition. In 1902 it was donated to the Museum of Industry and Agriculture in Warsaw, on Kraków Street (66 Krakowskie Przedmieście). Ethnologia Polonia described these as “the most valuable” items bought from Africa to the museum. From 1900 to 1932 Janikowski was deputy director, later Director and finally administrative director of the Museum. In September 1939, as a result of the bombing and fire, the building of the Museum of Industry and Agriculture at 66 Krakowskie Przedmieście was completely destroyed. The few remaining objects disappeared in the subsequent years of the war. On the whole, there is virtually nothing left of the over-50-year-old Warsaw Ethnographic Museum.

Leopold Janikowski a lăsat un gând

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Zielonka In the war years, Janikowski and his wife lived in Zielonka where they hid Jews in a cellar under the kitchen. He died in Zielonka on 8 December 1942 and is buried in Powązki Cemetery, Warsaw.

Leopold Janikowski a lăsat un gând

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Family Leopold Janikowski had one child, Stanisław Leopold Janikowski, who became a diplomat.

Leopold Janikowski a lăsat un gând

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Works Janikowski wrote memoirs of his travels that were published in several geographical magazines including Paris. He sent letters of correspondence to his homeland, mainly to Kurier Warszawski (or Warsaw Courier). He also gave a series of lectures. His publications include: Fernando Po (Paris, 1886); Memories of Expedition of Szolca- Rogoziński to Cameroon in 1882; Seizure of Cameroon by the Germans (Morze, 1931); In the African Jungle, memories of the Polish expedition in Africa in the years 1882-1890 (Warsaw 1936)

Leopold Janikowski a lăsat un gând

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Bibliography Janikowski, Leopold (1886). L'ile De Fernando-Poo, Son Etat Actuel Et Ses Habitants [The Island of Fernando Po, its current state and its inhabitants] (in French) (Bulletin De La Société De Géographie, Septième Série. - Tome Septième ed.). Janikowski, Leopold (1887). La Isla de Fernando Póo, su estado actual y sus habitantes [The Island of Fernando Po, its current state and its inhabitants] (in Spanish) (Boletín dela sociedad Geográfica de Madrid XXII ed.). pp. 67–77 and 201–211. Janikowski, Leopold (1936). W dżunglach Afryki. Wspomnienia z polskiej wyprawy afrykańskiej w latach 1882-90 [In the African Jungle. Memories of the Polish expedition to Africa in the years 1882-1890] (in Polish) (1936 ed.). Warsaw, Poland: Wydawnictwo Ligi Morskiej I Kolonjalnej; Skład Główny: Instytut Wydawn. Bibljoteka Polska S. A. Archived from the original on April 9, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2015. Łoza, Stanisław (1938). Czy wiesz kto to jest? [Who's Who] (in Polish) (1938 ed.). p. 285. Archived from the original on April 9, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2008. Baginski, Henryk (1944). "The Sixtieth Anniversary of Rogozinski's Expedition to the Cameroons". The Geographical Journal. 103 (1/2) (Vol. 103, No. 1/2, (Jan. - Feb., 1944) ed.). The Royal Geographical Society: 72–75. doi:10.2307/1789068. JSTOR 1789068. Janikowski,…Citește mai mult